The indicators of power consumption of lighting devices based on LEDs are studied depending on the supplied voltage. For the lamp and floodlight with LEDs active and reactive power, current and power factor as a function of voltage (which value changed in the range 200–245 V) were experimentally determined. The analysis of experimental data demonstrated that due to the drivers in the specified voltage range the active power consumed by light devices remains practically unchanged. The reactive power of LED devices depends on the supplied voltage and is capacitive in its nature. In contrast with gas-discharge light sources the LED devices under study do not consume reactive power, but generate it. With the change of the supplied voltage from 200 to 245 V the value of the generated reactive power increases to 60 % for the floodlight and 50 % for the lamp. The LED floodlight has a low coefficient of active power. The current consumed by the floodlight has increased by 22 %, and by the lamp – by 13 %. The formulas for determining the maximum value of the length of the calculated section of single-phase group lines were developed, taking into account specific source data. LED light sources tend to feed by electric power by single-phase group lines. The number of lamps connected to single-phase lines is regulated by normative documents. Bearing this in mind as well as the small power of LED sources single-phase group lines are usually performed with conductors of the smallest possible cross section. The limit values of the length of the calculated section that correspond to a predetermined loss of voltage in line with ambient temperature from 15 to 60 °С were determined for them. The calculations demonstrated that for group lines that feed the LEDs, the choice of conductor cross-sections in accordance with permissible voltage loss is not critical. The determinant factor for the choice of the cross-section of the conductors of group electrical networks is the calculation of acceptable heat with respect to temperature of the environment.

The existing protection and diagnostics systems are unable to detect the power capacitor abnormal heating caused by the development of its malfunctions. A diagnosis technique is presented that provides discovering such a heating at its early manifestation. The technique includes algorithms and an apparatus component in a form of a digital device, and it is based on continuous measuring of a capacitor body surface temperature, ambient temperature, voltages and currents from the power source. On the basis of measured values the active power losses in the capacitor and the temperature of the hottest point of its dielectric were calculated. Thereafter, the calculated average daily values of the temperature was analyzed, and, should the tendency of permanent increase of these values is detected, the diagnosis alarms of danger levels of abnormal heating are formed, viz. a low level, an average level, a high level and a very high level. The presented algorithms have been developed heuristically. Their final formation is possible only after years of operation of the proposed diagnosis system applied to the real objects. Because of application of the diagnosis system the probability of capacitor units’ failure will be lower and thus the dependability of the power supply may be higher. The implementation of the developed system will reduce the probability of sudden failure of capacitor units, and, correspondingly, will increase the reliability of the electricity supply system of an enterprise.

One of the important problems of efficient function of electric networks containing load nodes of nonlinear character of power consumption is reactive power compensation and maintaining voltage quality in a grid. The commonly used methods for compensation of harmonic currents by filtering devices make it possible to solve the problem in a narrow band of variation of current of a nonlinear load. In the reality stochastic character of power consumption of nonlinear load reveals itself in appropriate changes in harmonic components of voltage and their share in total load current. This could considerably change the magnitude and direction of reactive power flow in a grid and impair the existing processes of reactive power control. The scheme and the algorithm of control of capacitor banks in networks with non-linear load that are based on the use of fuzzy logic software are presented in the article. The results of model experiments analysis of the modes of the harmonic of the power flows on behalf of the 14-nodal scheme recommended by IEEE as well as the schemes of a real grid with powerful traction substation are presented. The mentioned results demonstrate that when harmonic components of voltages exceed normative magnitudes, the use of the proposed algorithm eliminates additional loading on the capacitor banks with higher harmonic currents whereas the control procedure acquires quality, the number of commutations is being reduced, the capacitor battery functions longer and the probability of its malfunction decreases.

At present the number of oil deposits with viscous and stranded oil is steadily growing. Due to the mentioned circumstance there is growing interest in methods of thermochemical treatment of an oil and coal-beds. This interest is reflected, e.g., in the “Visha-Thermogaz” BelarusianRussian joint project. In order to provide control over the in-situ thermochemical processes it is necessary to use models of different levels, i.e. qualitative analysis, simplified numerical simulation with “averaged” parameters, as well as detailed 2D and 3D modeling. Due to variety of specific parameters and conditions of in-situ processes, design of new simplified methods of analysis is a topical objective both for research and practical activity. Therefore, a new method of solution of the problem of in-situ combustion front propagation based on heuristic hypothesis is discussed in the present article. The designed method is based on heuristic assumption of functional relationship between the profiles of temperature T and deficit component concentration y: exp(-E / T ) = exp(-E / T_max )(1- y). Another hypothesis is the assumption that the maximum gradient of the concentration profile of the missing component is implemented with a fixed value of concentration that is expressed as y’’ ( y = y*) = 0. Simple algebraic and differential equations fordetermination of the temperature and concentration profiles as well as for the front propagation velocity are derived for two cases i.e. the lack of oxidizer and the fuel component fault. Principal functional dependencies of the front velocity are revealed. Comparison of the profiles obtained with the use of the described method with the one obtained numerically proves the adequacy of the method itself and the hypotheses adopted. The method can be used for rapid assessment and parametric studies of the profiles and the speed of the front. It can also be used for analysis of similar problems of chemical and heat engineering.

. The reliability of the gas transmission network of the JSC “Gazprom Transgaz Belarus” depends on the efficiency of gas compressor units. Pipeline transport takes the first place among all the other ways to deliver gas because it ensures a uniform and uninterrupted supply of gas at minimum costs. The main objects of main gas pipelines include process areas, including several compressor stations and sections of the pipeline between them. Currently, a significant part of the main equipment of the gas industry is approaching its deadline of operation, which causes decrease in energy efficiency and reliability of the transmission system. At compressor plants of the JSC “Gazprom Transgaz Belarus” there are more than 4000 gas compressor units in operation including about 80% ones with gas turbine drives. It is clear that the drives of these units take a significant proportion of the pumped gas. For many years the company invests and actively participates in the creation of modern gas-pumping units practicing the wide use of conversion potential of the CIS countries. In recent years, a comprehensive approach to the assessment of the reliability and efficiency of objects of gas pipelines on the basis of mathematical modeling is actively applied. Together with the development of computer supervisory and control this opens up opportunities to improve energy efficiency in pipeline transport of gas on the basis of mathematical models and processes. The real effect obtaining is based on the actual performance of the equipment that needs to be monitored over time and to clarify.

The article considers the convective heat transfer on the surface of a hollow cylinder or several billets in a cyclone device with the new principle of external gas recirculation. According to this principle, transport of coolant from the lateral surface of the chamber, where the temperature is the highest, in the axial region is being fulfilled due to the pressure drop between the wall and axial areas of cyclonic flow. Dependency analysis of average and local heat transfer coefficients from operational and geometrical parameters has been performed; the generalized similarity equations for the calculation of the latter have been suggested. It is demonstrated that in case of download of a cyclone chamber with several billets, the use of the considered scheme of the external recirculation due to the specific characteristics of aerodynamics practically does not lead to noticeable changes in the intensity of convective heat transfer. Both experimental data and the numerical simulation results obtained with the use of OpenFOAM platform were used in the work. The investigations fulfilled will expand the area of the use of cyclone heating devices.

The method of calculation of economic efficiency that can be universal and is suitable for feasibility study of modernization of irrigation and water distribution system of cooling towers has been developed. The method takes into account the effect of lower pressure exhaust steam in the condenser by lowering the temperature of the cooling water outlet of a cooling tower that aims at improvement of technical and economic indicators of heat power plants. The practical results of the modernization of irrigation and water distribution system of a cooling tower are presented. As a result, the application of new irrigation and water distribution systems of cooling towers will make it possible to increase the cooling efficiency by more than 4 ^оС and, therefore, to obtain the fuel savings by improving the vacuum in the turbine condensers. In addition, the available capacity of CHP in the summer period is increased. The results of the work, the experience of modernization of irrigation and water distribution systems of the Gomel CHP-2 cooling towers system, as well as the and methods of calculating of its efficiency can be disseminated for upgrading similar facilities at the power plants of the Belarusian energy system. Some measures are prosed to improve recycling systems, cooling towers and their structures; such measures might significantly improve the reliability and efficiency of technical water supply systems of heat power plants.

Further improvement of natural gas usage in power industry is associated with transition to the combined-cycle gas technology, primarily at combined heat and power plants (CHP). Renovation of technology of conversion of fuel energy into heat and electricity flows is effective while it is performed simultaneously with the elaboration of thermal circuits of CHP by insertion heat accumulators and absorption lithium bromide heat pumps (ALBHP) in the structure of CHP; the mentioned insertion amends thermodynamic as well as economic and environmental indicators of CHP renovation and also develops CHP maneuverability. The ability of CHP to provide heat in required quantity, their capacity to change electricity generation output without excessive fuel consumption is extremely relevant for the energy system that incorporates thermal power plants as dominating component. At the same time the displacement of traditional electrical power regulators take place. Implementation of projects of this kind requires the elaboration of CHP flow diagram calculation methods and determining relevant indicators. The results of the numerical study of the energy characteristics of CHP with the aid of the topological models of the existing heat flow diagrams of CHP that incorporate ALBHP for recovery of low-temperature waste of heat flows of systems of cooling water circulating are presented in the article. An example of calculation, the results of the CHP thermodynamic efficiency evaluation, the change of the energy characteristics for different modes of operation of CHP caused by implementation of ALBHP are shown. The conditions for the effective application of lithium bromide absorption heat pumps are specified, as well as the rate of increase of thermodynamic efficiency; the changes of maneuverability of CHP with high initial parameters are identified, the natural gas savings in The Republic of Belarus are determined.