The paper considers evaluation procedure for the degree of active power losses reduction in the power transmission lines under 1 kV and 6–10 kV of the systems of electric power supply of industrial enterprises with compensating installations mounted at the side of the customer. The capacitor installations conform to the applied voltage level and factor in dielectric losses in the capacitors. The voltage at the compensating device terminal changes from 0.95 to 1.05 of the capacitors nominal voltage. The study did not account for reactive power losses in the line, nor did it for its charge capacity, conditioned by relative shortness of the cable lines generally operating in the mains of industrial enterprises. For this reason, the quantities of reactive power being consumed and generated by the transmission line are negligible and do not significantly affect the reactive power flux. The researchers obtain functional relations that allow estimating the degree of power loss reduction in the transmission line factoring in its explicit initial data. They perform mathematical analysis of the obtained functional relations and study the function by means of derivatives. The function extremum points are found as well as the intervals of its increment and decrement. A graphical research of the obtained functional relation is performed. It is ascertained that reduction of the active power losses is contingent on the line and the capacitor-installation engineering factors, the electrical energy consumer reactive load value as well as the voltage applied to the capacitor installation. The functional relations presented in the article can be employed in scoping calculation necessary for decision making on the reactive power compensation in systems of the industrial facilities electric power supply. Their account will allow a more accurate estimate of technical and economic effect of the capacitor bank installation in the electrical mains under 1 kV and 6–10 kV. 

Reconditioning of the power generating unit worn equipment and devices is conducted during the scheduled repair period. Quality of wear reconditioning is evaluated by technical state and repair work implementation. Quality of the repair work execution characterizes logistical activities of the power station and the repair services and is rated by a five-grade scale. There are three technical conditions: adequate, subject to reservations, falling short of the technical standard documentation requirements. In practical work these constraints give place to essential ambiguity of the decision. Further to regulating techniques by way of informational support, the authors propose conducting the wear-reconditioning quality evaluation (repair quality) accordingly the technical-and-economic indexes pattern of change. The paper recommends applying similarly the fivegrade system in evaluating the power generating unit technical state and distinguishes intolerable, dissatisfactory, fair, good and model estimates. The study demonstrates the assessment criteria dependence on the character of reliability and economical efficiency of performance variation after the repair with increase or decrease of the technical-and-economic indexes in reference to their mean, minimum and maximum values before the repair. The cases ascribed to intolerable quality of the wear reconditioning are those with one or more technical-and-economic indexes that not only failed to improve their values but deteriorated, and at that they became the worst amongst observable values. The model quality estimate of the wear reconditioning is allotted under condition that the power unit technical-and-economic index valuations after the repair not merely improved but also exceeded the best among those under observation. The developed method and algorithm for quality evaluation of the scheduled repair implementation contribute to practical realization of the independent monitoring. This monitoring not merely accounts for the information on alteration in the power generating unit emergency-switching standing time number and duration but also for the data of measurement and computation of technical-and-economic indexes. The technical-and-economic indexes variation analysis refinement allows significant rise in the repair work quality evaluation immediacy and in doing so reduces the costs associated with indistinct performance reliability and economical efficiency ranging of the power units based upon specified requirements.

The paper offers the results of pinch analysis, thermodynamic analysis based on exergy method that determine the energy-supply efficacy enhancement variants for the processing equipment in the light industry finishing production as exemplified by the apparatuses of batch operation for textile dyeing. Scientifically substantiated improvement feasibility estimation for the Belarusian light industry enterprises thermo-technological production energy supply is of current concern and in demand in the existing economic situation. Exergy method allows obtaining the indicated estimation by the simplest and most logical way as against the other methods of thermodynamic analysis e.g. entropy method or employing the cycle theory. Pinch analysis employment not only allows verifying the estimation results but also points out the problem spots demanding cardinal changes and modernization. This complex approach renders possible outlining simple ways of energy saving in the existing technical systems of substance transformation, which is important under the conditions of operating production for successful handling the problem of lowering production costs. The example of the most widespread thermo-technological production of the light industry illustrates the above stated. For most enterprises of the republic, it remains problematic in many ways. The suggested ways of solving the problem are not exhaustive and offer evolutionary changes that secure economic indicators fitting the dictates of time and the enterprises capabilities. Another critical factor of the presented analysis and ways for thermo-technological energy supply improvement is that the proposed changes can realize on basis of the equipment that established a good reputation during continuous service in different productions and manufactured in the republic in working partnership with foreign design engineers. 

The article analyses variants of the heat insulating layers disposition in relation to the cladding load-carrying structures and demonstrates prime advantages and drawbacks of the three variants. The authors notice that from the heat-engineering viewpoint the variant with exterior side winterization is the most favourable. However, utilizing micromodules as heat-insulating layers screened with leafing aluminum makes it necessary to account for the screens reflecting power. It allows reducing the irradiating component in the combined value of thermal transport through the enclosure and consequently raises the structure thermal resistance or, with parity of these values, leads to lower thickness of the heat-insulating layer. The known data applied for calculating the total heat transmission helps demonstrate reduction of the general heat flux value by 1.4 times, and the heat transmission resistance by 1.76 m2 deg./W. This allows reducing thickness of the heat-insulating layer (with regard of two screens) by 0.07 m. Computations illustrate the fact that account for the radiant reflectance of screening enables lowering the rated heat flux passing through the enclosure. Which again allows decreasing the structure thermal resistance and its general thickness (by 70 mm) at the expense of small thickness of the heat insulation of micromodules. The humidity regime calculations establish good acceptability of the enclosure service conditions in winter. The period will see no real water vapour condensation. The plotted diagrams of the cladding heat-and-humidity conditions demonstrate that condensation zones do not affect the layer of thermal insulation (micromodules). And the condensation zone with reduction of the heat-insulating layer appears only during ‘severe’ outside temperature conditions of a cold month. Reduced to 230 mm thickness of the wall construction allows utilizing ‘old’ stock of forms with prefabricated panels in parallel with energy saving during thermal treatment.

The investigation of local heat-transfer characteristics on the interior surfaces of the building envelope under natural convection conditions was carried out on the basis of numerical simulation of heat and mass transfer processes in the heated room. The analysis was based on the distributions of surface temperature, convective heat-transfer coefficient, convective heat flux and radiative heat flux. The developed two-dimensional physical and mathematical model takes into account the complex conjugated heat transfer in the building envelopes and indoor free spaces, the influence of heater type on the transfer processes. Constructional irregularities of the structures and the windows are considered. The model also contains the equations of radiative heat transfer between indoor surfaces, window panes and outdoor environment. The publication presents the analysis of the local heat-transfer characteristics on the interior surfaces of the window, the lower part of the external wall located beneath the window, and the floor. Four types of heaters are considered: radiator, convector radiator, wall-radiator under the window and the floor heating. The study reveals considerable heat-transfer parameters spatial nonuniformity on the interior surfaces of the building envelope conditioned by the type of the heat emitter in use. The radiator and the convector radiator use shows the closest distribution character of the corresponding values on the building envelope surface, the fact predicated upon considerable similarity of the indoor-microclimate parameter fields in these variants. The characteristic features of the heat-transfer local parameters forming on the interior surfaces of the considered enclosing structures were discovered. 

The article considers the ways of optimizing the existing calculation procedure for the heat input through infilling the area lights. While maintaining public buildings with large areas of translucent structures during the warm season, it is possible to encounter the premises overheat due to a large volume of incorrectly accounted in the heat balance heat input from the solar irradiation. The calculation procedure presently in use in the Republic of Belarus does not account for diversity of the existing forms of glazing employed in construction and needs revision. The authors adduce and analyze the heat-input calculation principles from solar irradiation through translucent structures applied in designing ventilation and air-conditioning systems in Belarus, FRG and USA, and make comparisons between them. Based on the analysis, they establish the ways of optimizing the existing heat-input calculation procedure. Firstly, on account of small geographical latitude difference it is possible to average the flows of direct and dispersed solar irradiation over the territory of Belarus. Secondly, in calculation it is proposed to discard use of heat fluxes of the solar irradiation that passed through the single glazing and to utilize the fluxes falling onto the surface. Therefore, the paper considers the notion of the solar factor of glazing and offers an expression for determining the radiative heat-input component from the solar irradiance appreciating the heat fluxes falling onto the surface. The authors consider the variants of decreasing amount of heat entering the premises through the area lights: glazing type optimal choice, engineering apertures with certain ratio of dimensions, and the use of out-of-door solar protection. 

The article offers design of a hydraulic elevator installation for cleaning up water-source wells of sand packs. It considerers the installation hydraulic circuit according to which the normal pump feeds the high-level tank water into the borehole through two parallel water lines. The water-jet line with washing nozzle for destroying the sand-pack and the supply pipe-line coupled with the operational nozzle of the hydraulic elevator containing the inlet and the supply pipelines for respectively intaking the hydromixture and removing it from the well. The paper adduces equations for fluid motion in the supply and the water-jet pipelines and offers expressions for evaluating the required heads in them. For determining water flow in the supply and the water-jet pipe lines the author proposes to employ graphical approach allowing finding the regime point in Q–H chart by means of building characteristics of the pump and the pipe-lines. For calculating the useful vertical head, supply and dimensions of the hydraulic elevator the article employs the equation of motion quantity with consistency admission of the motion quantity before and after mixing the flows in the hydraulic elevator. The suggested correlations for evaluating the hydraulic elevator efficiency determine the sand pack removal duration as function of its sizes and the ejected fluid flow rate. A hydraulic-elevator installation parameters estimation example illustrates removing a sand pack from a water-source borehole of 41 m deep and 150 mm diameter bored in the village of Uzla of Myadelsk region, of Minsk oblast. The working efficiency of a manufactured and laboratory tested engineering prototype of the hydraulic elevator installation was acknowledged in actual tests at the indicated borehole site. With application of graphical approach, the suggested for the hydraulic elevator installation parameters calculation procedure allows selecting, with given depth and the borehole diameter, the normal pump, diameters of the supply and the water-jet pipe lines. After that, calculating dimensions of the jet pump – hydraulic elevator and the supply pipe line, and performing analysis of efficiency and work out characteristics of the installation.