In the context of global energy instability caused by the transformation of global demand for energy and energy resources, one of the most important areas in the automotive industry is the development of electric vehicles. Serial production of high-tech electric vehicles with a long range contributes to the stabilization of the energy market and the sustainable development of the whole fuel-energy sector. To evaluate the possibility of optimizing the electric vehicles energy consumption, various regenerative braking strategies are discussed in the article based on the Nissan Leaf electric vehicle, which simulation model includes submodules of the traction electric motor, hybrid braking system, traction rechargeable battery and tires. In order to test the adequacy of the simulation model to reproduce the relationship between the operating parameters of electric vehicles various systems and evaluate their ability to regenerate energy during braking the simulation results were compared with the actual experimental data published by the Lab Avt research laboratory (USA). The relative error of the mathematical modeling results of the braking energy regeneration processes is 4.5 %, which indicates the adequacy of the electric vehicle simulation model and the possibility of its using as a base for research and comparison of the energy efficiency of various regenerative braking strategies. As the results of experiments have shown, the usage of the proposed control strategy of the regenerative braking maximum force allows increasing 2.14 times the energy recharging traffic to the battery as compared with the basic control strategy of fixed coefficient braking forces distribution with an increase in braking distance by 10 m. An alternative control strategy of regenerative braking optimal efficiency as compared to the basic control strategy provides a reduction in braking distance by 13.2 % at increasing by 84.4 % the amount of energy generated by the electric motor for recharging the batteries. The carried out investigations confirm the available significant potential for improving the efficiency of the electric vehicles usage by developing the control strategy and algorithms of the braking energy regeneration.

Four-wire distribution electrical networks of 0.4 kV equipped with automated systems of electrical energy accounting are considered. The problem of identifying the resistances of the wires of the distribution network is solved on the basis of the effective values of voltages and currents, as well as of their phase shift angles obtained by the accounting system in the power supply node of the network and from its subscribers for the selected observation intervals. A brief analysis of the known methods and technologies used in this area of research is carried out. The importance of the formulated problem for applied problems, such as control and diagnostics of electrical energy losses, as well as the technical condition of the network, is noted. A method (algorithm) is proposed that allows determining unknown, unequal complex resistances of inter-subscriber sections of the distribution network. In these resistances, the reactive components are considered equal within the inter-subscriber section; the active components differ due to the influence of unequal flowing currents and/or weather factors. At the same time, data from two different network operating modes are required, which are selected based on the analysis of the dynamics of changes of supply currents and/or voltages by the accounting system device connected to the power supply node. Considering that the active resistances of the wires must remain unchanged, the mode that is used for calculations is the one that is before the change in power consumption in the network and the next one immediately (about 0.1 s) after it. An example of a calculation that demonstrates the reliability of the proposed equations of the method that has been developed on a simulated distribution network is given. The research results are focused on the improvement of automated accounting systems and the implementation of their new functions that elevate the reliability of distribution networks, as well as allowing for the rapid identification of non-technical losses of electrical energy.

The energy system is a structure that is among the most complex artificial objects, the successful functioning and development of which is absolutely necessary to ensure the livelihoods of a modern state. In this regard, its continuous monitoring with obtaining reliable and objective performance indicators is undoubtedly in demand. Traditional key energy indicators (specific consumption of conventional fuel for electricity generation and heat release) do not give a complete picture of the operation of the power system for such complex structures and in some cases are calculated incorrectly. The present paper proposes to add a well-known, but practically unused exergetic efficiency coefficient to the range of traditional characteristics. Its application expands the monitoring capabilities and increases the objectivity of the evaluation. For the first time, the analysis of various periods (annual, heating and inter-heating) was carried out on the example of thermal power plants (CHP) of the Unified Energy System of Belarus. The relative power generation of the CHP before the commissioning of the Belarusian NPP was estimated at ≈45 %, and after commissioning it decreased to ≈39 %. More than half of the annual consumption of thermal energy in Belarus is accounted for by heat-generating sources, while thermal power plants provide up to 88 % of heat output. The installed electric capacity utilization factor, the extraction factor and the average annual specific generation of electricity on thermal consumption for each CHP separately have been determined. The results are presented graphically, which makes the content more informative and facilitates the perception. Solutions have been proposed to improve the efficiency of the CHP.

Improvement of the efficiency of modern power systems requires the development of storage technologies, optimization of operation modes, and increased flexibility. Currently, various technical solutions are used for electricity storage. The results of a literary review with an analysis of existing energy storage systems are presented, their advantages and disadvantages are considered. One of the promising solutions is the use of hydrogen as an energy storage medium. The creation of corresponding energy complexes makes it possible to obtain hydrogen by electrolysis of water, and then use it to cover peak loads. Various schemes with hydrogen-fired gas turbines with a pressure up to 35 MPa and a temperature of 1500–1700 °C were considered. The new scheme of power plant with hydrogen-fired gas turbines was synthesized, which includes a power block, hydrogen generation blocks and hydrogen and oxygen preparation unit for burning. An atmospheric electrolyzer was considered as a hydrogen and oxygen generator. For the proposed scheme, parametric optimization was performed, where the storage efficiency factor has been used as a criterion. The influence of inlet temperature in the combustion chamber, the compression rate of hydrogen and oxygen, as well as the specific energy costs of the electrolyzer were analyzed. The results of the numerical experiment were approximated in the form of polynomial dependencies, and can be used in further research on the economic efficiency of proposed power plant.

Due to the increasing internationalization of the member countries of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), it is planned to create a common energy market and an electric energy market. To ensure the reliable functioning of the energy systems of individual states of the Union and their common energy market, it is necessary to increase energy efficiency and reduce costs at each stage of production, transmission, distribution and sale of electricity by optimizing processes in the industry through the introduction of digital technologies. The purpose of this work is to analyze the electric power complexes of the EAEU member states and to consider groups of digitalization technologies of industries in the context of the electric power industry, to form an algorithm for creating a classification of digitalization technologies of the electric power industry and on the basis of the latter to create the classification itself. The article provides an overview of the dynamics of the main economic indicators of the Union countries and the main indicators of their electric power industries, examines the structure of electricity production, energy portfolio, average electricity prices, total electricity consumption by sector. The import-export potential and the level of electricity losses in the networks have been analyzed. The interpretation of digital technologies of the electric power complex in the context of existing groups-digitalization technologies was made, the components of the interconnection of digital technologies were identified; the classification of the above components by production stages has been developed. Recommendations on the further use of the classification for the formation of an indicative system for assessing the level of digitalization of the electric power complex are put forward. It is concluded that digitalization of the electric power system on the technical side increases the energy security of the state and the competitiveness of the energy system on the world market, and on the economic side it helps to reduce costs at all stages of the entire technological cycle.

Currently, there is a worldwide increase in electricity per capita consumption (EPC). However, this trend is due to the growth of electricity consumption in developing countries, while in developed countries there is a process of its stabilization and even reduction. Thus, it can be said that there is a decrease in the differentiation in specific electricity consumption between developed and developing countries. In Russia, in 1990–2012 there was an increase in regional divergence in this indicator. As a result, the difference in the specific power capacity between the leading regions and outsider ones reached a 20-fold value. In the regions of the south of Russia, the EPC is lower than in a number of developing countries. But if the latter are on the road of increasing the EPC and, as a result, increasing labor productivity, then in the Russian outsider regions there is a decrease in it. Low specific power capacity is one of the reasons for the insufficient level of labor productivity. A pattern of increasing profitability of goods, works, and services sold has been revealed as the specific consumption of electricity increases in Russian regions of low electric specific power capacity and decreases in Russian regions of the high one. It is shown that the negative trend of differentiation of power consumption in the regions of Russia changed in 2013–2018 to convergence. It is substantiated that in the outsider regions, the limiting factor in the growth of electricity consumption is not the lack of energy capacity, but the insufficient development of the electricity consumption sector. Therefore, in order to ensure the structural stability of the Russian economy, efforts should be focused on stimulating non-household electricity consumption by developing the processing industries of the economy, creating industrial and agricultural enterprises in regions with low electric power. Therefore, in order to ensure the structural stability of the Russian economy, efforts should be focused on stimulating non-household electricity consumption by developing the processing industries of the economy, creating industrial and agricultural enterprises in regions of low electric specific power capacity.