For citations:

Gretchikhin L.I. Theory of the Bipolar Transistor, Taking into Account the Structure of a Solid and the Presence of Negative Ions. ENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations. 2025;68(6):491–503. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2025-68-6-491–503