Structural and Economic Approach to the Selection of Peak Regulating Capacities at Thermal Power Plants

The output of power unit No 2 of the Belarusian NPP to the level of neutron power development of 100 % of the nominal level has changed the structure of generation of the Unified Energy System (UES) of Belarus. At the current loads of the inter-heating period of 2023, the share of a nuclear power plant with two power units operating at full capacity in the daily generation structure of the Republic is about 50 %. In order to balance the UES of Belarus during the operation of two power units of a nuclear power plant at night, the application of adjustment regulatory measures that exceed the available capabilities is required. The almost complete use of the adjusting range of the CHP will forcibly cause, on a larger scale, to the shutdown of the blocks during the load failures at night, followed by the start-up from the non-cooled and hot statuses. These operating modes of generating equipment are inevitable in the current conditions of the electricity market, which has led to the emergence of most complex tasks to assess the economic and technical efficiency of involving or another equipment of power plants in such modes. The paper proposes an approach to solving the problem of achieving an effective combination of reliability and efficiency of energy systems on the example of gas turbines and CCGT power units. A generalized desirability function has been obtained, which includes a number of parameters for choosing a rational relationship and mutual influence between the reliability and efficiency of electricity production with the participation of thermal power plant equipment in regulating the daily load schedule. The proposed mathematical model is an effective means of analyzing the suitability of equipment for use in the required operating modes.

1. Bogdan E. V., Karnitsky N. B. (2022) Projected Loads of Power Plants of the Belarusian Power System after Commissioning of the Belarusian NPP. Aktual'nye Problemy Razvitiya Energo- i Resursosberegayushchikh Innovatsionnykh Tekhnologii: Materialy Resp. Nauch.-Prakt. Konf., 23–24 Sentyabrya 2022 g., Resp. Uzbekistan, g. Karshi [Actual Problems of Development of Energy- and Resource-Saving Innovative Technologies: Proceedings of the Republican Scientific and Practical Conference, September 23–24, 2022, Republic of Uzbe-kistan, Karshi]. Karshi, Karshi Engineering and Economic Institute, 536–539 (in Russian).

2. Bogdan E. V., Karnitsky N. B. (2022) Typical Power Balance of the Power System after Commissioning of the Belarusian NPP. Energetika Belarusi-2022: Materialy Resp. Nauch.-Prakt. Konf., 25–26 Maya 2022 g. [Power Engineering of Belarus-2022: Proceedings of the Republican Scientific and Practical Conference, May 25–26, 2022]. Minsk, BNTU, 2022, 49–53. Available at: https://rep.bntu.by/handle/data/121698 (in Russian).

3. Romaniuk V. N., Bobich А. А. (2016) Assessment of the Thermodynamic Efficiency of the Functioning of the Belarusian Energy System in the Conditions of Operation of the Belarusian NPP. Energiya i Menedzhment [Energy and Management], (4), 2–9 (in Russian).

4. Bogdan E. V., Karnitsky N. B. Assessment of the Existing Conditions of CHP Operation of the Belarusian Power System. Sovremennye Tekhnologii i Ekonomika v Energetike: Materialy Mezhdunar. Nauch.-Prakt. Konf., 27 Aprelya 2023 g. [Modern Technologies and Economics in Energy: Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference, April 27, 2023]. St. Petersburg: POLYTECH-PRESS Publ., 171–173 (in Russian).

5. Bogdan E. V., Karnitsky N. B. (2021) Problems of Regulation of the Daily Schedule of Electrical Loads of the Power System of the Republic of Belarus and the Integrated NPP. Energetika i Avtomatizatsiya v Sovremennom Obshchestve: Materialy IV Mezhdunar. Nauch.-Prakt. Konf. Obuchayushchikhsya i Prepodavatelei. Ch. 2 [Energy and Automation in Modern Society. Proceedings of the IV International Scientific and Practical Conference of Students and Teachers. Part 2.] St. Petersburg, SPbSUITD, 30–36 (in Russian).

6. Bogdan E. V., Karnitsky N. B. (2021) Towards the Issue of Regulating the Daily Schedule of Electric Loads after Commissioning of the Belarusian NPP. Energetika Belarusi-2021: Materialy Resp. Nauch.-Prakt. Konf., 26 Maya 2021 g. [Energy of Belarus-2021: Proceedings of the Republican Scientific and Practical Conference, May 26, 2021]. Minsk, BNTU, 175–180. Available at: https://rep.bntu.by/handle/data/98973 (in Russian).

7. Mikhalevich А. А., Rak U. A. (2021) Belarus Power Engineering System Modeling Taking Into Account the Nuclear Power Plant Commissioning. Energetika. Proc. CIS Higher Educ. Inst. and Power Eng. Assoc. 64 (1), 5–14. https://doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2021-64-15-14 (in Russian).

8. Karnitsky N. B. (2001) Solving Problems of Reliability Synthesis Using Multiplicative Optimality Criteria for Steam Turbines Enеrgеtika. Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii i Energeticheskikh Ob’edinenii SNG = Energetika. Proceedings of CIS Higher Education Institutions and Power Engineering Associations, (3), 115–119. https://doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2001-0-3-115-119 (in Russian).

9. Kulakov G. T., Kravchenko V. V., Karnitsky N. B., Kukhorenko A. N. (2017) Mathematical Modeling as a Tool for Analyzing Reliability and Efficiency Indicators of Automated Thermal Power Plant Equipment. Energiya i Menedzhment [Energy and Management], (1), 2–7 (in Russian).

10. Harrington E. C. (1965) The Desirability Function. Industrial Quality Control, 21 (10), 494–498.

11. Ruzinov L. P. Statistical Methods of Optimization of Chemical Processes. Moscow, Khimiya Publ. 200 (in Russian).

12. Akhnazarova S. L., Kafarov V. V. (1978) Optimization of Experiment in Chemistry and Chemical Technology. Moscow, Vysshaya Shkola Publ. 319 (in Russian).

13. Bogdan E. V., Karnitsky N. B. Modern Trends in Improving the Reliability and Efficiency of Thermal Power Plants. XXV Respublikanskii Konkurs Nauchnykh Rabot Studentov: Sb. St. Laureatov i Avtorov Nauch. Rabot, Poluchivshikh Pervuyu Kategoriyu [XXV Republican Contest of Scientific Projects of Students. A Collection of Articles by Laureates and Authors of Scientific Papers that Were Qualified as the First Category]. Minsk, 103–104 (in Russian).

14. Zapasnik V. A. (2019) Reservation of the Electric Load of the Belarusian Power System at the Expense of the CHP at the Launch of the NPP. Aktual'nye Problemy Energetiki: Materialy 75th Nauch.-Tekhn. Konf. Studentov i Aspirantov: Sektsiya Teploenergetika [Actual Problems of Energy: Proceedings of the 75th Scientific and Technical Conference of Students and Postgraduates: Heat Power Engineering Section]. Minsk, BNTU, 32–36. Available at: https://rep.bntu.by/handle/data/61455 (in Russian).

15. Karnitsky N. B., Korobets P. N. (2017) Frequency Regulation in the Power System after Commissioning of the Belarusian NPP with the Use of Electric Boilers and Heat Accumulators on the Example of the Grodno CHPP-2. Energosberezhenie v Gorodskom Khozyaistve, Energetike, Promyshlennosti: Sed'maya Mezhdunar. Nauch.-Tekhn. Konf., Ul'yanovsk, 21–22 Aprelya 2017 g. T. 1 [Energy Saving in Urban Economy, Energy, Industry: the Seventh International Scientific and Technical Conference, Ulyanovsk, April 21–22, 2017. Vol. 1]. Ulyanovsk, Ulyanovsk State Technical University, 203–207 (in Russian).

16. Korobets P. N., Slovik V. V., Karnitskiy N. B. (2018) Having CHPP Involved in Frequency Control Related to Starting Belarusian NPP. Safety and Reliability of Power Industry. 11 (3), 241–246. https://doi.org/10.24223/1999-5555-2018-11-3-241-246 (in Russian).

17. Bogdan E. V., Karnitsky N. B. (2021) Assessment of Changes of the Inter-Inspection Period of Combined-Cycle Power Units when Operating in Frequent Start-Stop Modes. Energostart. Materialy IV Vseros. Molodezhnoi Nauch.-Prakt. Konf., 18–20 Noyabrya 2021 g., Kemerovo [Energostart. Materials of the IV All-Russian Youth Scientific and Practical Conference, November 18–20, 2021, Kemerovo]. Kemerovo, T. F. Gorbachev Kuzbass State Technical University. Available at: https://science.kuzstu.ru/wp-content/Events/Conference/energos/2021/energstart/pages/Articles/113.pdf (in Russian).

18. Bogdan E. V., Dubrovenskii A. N. (2021) Optimization of Load Distribution in the Power System Taking Into Account the Technical Features of Heating Turbines. Energeticheskaya Strategiya [Energy Strategy], (5), 47–52 (in Russian).

19. Bogdan E. V., Karnitsky N. B. (2018) Prospects for the Use of CCGT in Belarus in the Conditions of NPP Commissioning. Energetika i Energosberezhenie: Teoriya i Praktika: Materialy IV Vseros. Nauch.-Prakt. Konf., 19–21 Dekabrya 2018. Kemerovo [Energy and Energy Saving: Theory and Practice: Proceedings of the IV All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference. December 19–21, 2018, Kemerovo] Kemerovo, T. F. Gorbachev Kuzbass State Technical University, 110–114 (in Russian).

20. Bogdan E. V., Karnitsky N. B. (2023) Peak Reserve Energy Sources Based on Gas Turbines and Their Role in Regulating the Load of the Power System of Belarus. Sovremennye Tekhnologii i Ekonomika v Energetike: Materialy Mezhdunar. Nauch.-Prakt. Konf., 27 Aprelya 2023 g. [Modern Technologies and Economics in Energy: Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference, April 27, 2023]. St. Petersburg: POLYTECH-PRESS Publ., 107–109 (in Russian).

21. Bogdan E. V., Karnitsky N. B. (2023) Characteristic Modes of Operation of Peak-Reserve Power Sources at the Base of Gas Turbine Unit Accepted for Installing in the Republic of Belarus. Energetika Belarusi-2023: Materialy Resp. Nauch.-Prakt. Konf., 25–26 Maya 2022 g. [Power Engineering of Belarus-2023: Proceedings of the Republican Scientific and Practical Conference, May 25–26, 2023]. Minsk, BNTU, 99–103. Available at: https://rep.bntu.by/handle/data/135678.