Reducing the Impact of the Frequency Change on the Formation of Orthogonal Components of the Relay Protection Input Signals

Digital filters made with the use of discrete Fourier Transform are applied in most microprocessor protections produced both in the home country and abroad. When the input signal frequency deviates from the value to which these filters are configured, a signal is generated at their output with oscillation amplitude that is proportional to the deviation of the signal frequency from the specified one. The article proposes an algorithm for compensating the oscillations of orthogonal components of the output signals of digital filters implemented on the basis of a discrete Fourier transform, when the input signal frequency deviates from the nominal one. A mathematical model of the proposed digital filter with an algorithm for compensating the oscillations of its orthogonal components, as well as a signal model for reproducing input effects, is implemented in the MatLab-Simulink dynamic modeling environment. The digital filter model is provided with two channels, viz. a current channel and a voltage channel, which makes it possible to simulate their operation in relation to protections that use one or two input values, for example, for current and remote protection. Verification of the functioning of the digital filter model with compensation for fluctuations in its output signal was carried out with the use of two types of test effects, viz. a sinusoidal signal with a frequency of 48–51 Hz (idealized effect), and the effects that are close to the real secondary signals of measuring current transformers and voltage transformers in case of short circuits accompanied by a decrease in frequency. The conducted computational experiments with deviation of frequency from the nominal one, revealed the presence of undamped oscillations at the output of standard digital Fourier filters and their almost complete absence in the proposed digital filters. This makes us possible to recommend digital filters based on a discrete Fourier transform supplemented by an algorithm for compensation of fluctuations in the amplitudes of the output signals for the use in microprocessor protection.

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