SOME FEATURES OF THE POWER SUPPLY OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS DURING THE HEATING SEASON

A large proportion of consumption of different types of energy by the residential sector, especially in the heating period, makes the energy efficiency of buildings without considering the loss of fuel with a significant reduction in hourly load on the generators, especially at night, already insufficient for real energy savings. Therefore in Belarus, in order to attract the consumer, electricity tariff for heating at night hours (from 11 p.m. to 6.00 a.m.) is three times cheaper than at any other time. Significant increase of the electricity consumption of at night could be achieved by using heat accumulators for heating and hot water supply to the residential sector. Particularly effective are water accumulators of heat and accumulators of underfloor heating that enable to use a coolant with a temperature of 40 оC and to increase the useful supply of heat. The use of heat accumulators for daily heating, ventilation and hot water supply of buildings significantly reduces the cost of creating the infrastructure of the territory under construction by eliminating the necessity of running the distribution network of heat or gas supply. The use of the heat accumulators is necessary due to the increase of the time-weighted average outdoor temperature. The mentioned increase in the City of Minsk in the heating season is of about 0.1 °C per year in average, and as for the last 20 years, the increase has led to a reduction of the required heat load on the premises by about 10 %. Research and project work on choosing the most effective options for the arrangement and use the heat accumulators in buildings of the various functions ought to be fulfilled in order to make the application of heat accumulators successful. In this respect civil and power engineers as well as operators should work together so to determine the chronological, technical and economic conditions of charging and use of heat accumulators.

1. Kroustalev B. M., Kuvshinov Yu. A., Kopko V. M. (2007) Heating and Ventilation. Moscow, Association of Educational Civil Engineering Institutions of Construction Publ. 764 (in Russian).

2. Alekseev V. S., Alekseev L. S., Altunin D. I., Alferova L. A., Amosova A. G., Askerniia A. A., Ass G. Iu., Babenkov E. D., Barkalov B. V., Belevtsev A. N., (ed.) Iakovlev S. V. (1994) Engineering Equipment of Buildings and Constructions. Encyclopedia. Moscow, Strojizdat. 512 (in Russian).

3. Sokolov Ye. Ya. (1982) District Heating and Heat Networks. ?oscow, Energoizdat. 360 (in Russian).

4. Pilipenko V. M., Osipov S. N. (2012) Method of Regulating the Supply of Heat into the Building or Group of Buildings. Patent Republic of Belarus No 16152 (in Russian).

5. Tabunshchikov Yu. A., Brodach M. M. (2002) Mathematical Modeling and Optimization of the Thermal Performance of Buildings. ?oscow, AVOK-PRESS Publ. 194 (in Russian).

6. TCP 45-4.04-149–2009. The Electrical System of Residential and Public Buildings. Minsk: The Ministry of Architecture and Construction. 78 (in Russian)

7. Gorshkov A. S. (1974) Technical and Economic Indicators of Heat Power Plants. Moscow, Energiya. 240 (in Russian).

8. Salikov A. P. (1960) Magnetohydrodynamic Method of Generating Electricity. Moscow, Promteploenergetika Publ. 22–29 (in Russian).

9. What to Choose? Gas-Piston or Gas-Turbine Installation? New Generation. Available at: http://www.manbw.ru/analitycs/which_is_better_gas_piston_or_gas_turbine_power_units.html (Accessed 21 September 2016) (in Russian).

10. Nuclear Power Plant. Wikipedia. The Free Encyclopedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power_plant (Accessed 21 September 2016) (in Russian).

11. Shchekin R. V., Korenevsky S. M., Bem G .E. (1959) Handbook of Heating and Ventilation Systems in Civil Engineering. Kiev, State Publ. of the Literature on Construction and Architecture of the USSR. 852 (in Russian).

12. Podgorodnikov I. S. (1957) Russian Stoves “Teplushka-2” [“Boxcar-2”] and “Teplushka-4” [“Boxcar-4”]. ?oscow, RSFSR MCE Publ. 48 (in Russian).

13. Album of Typical Parts of Agricultural Buildings. Issue VIII: The Heating Furnace (1949). ?oscow, Selkhozstrojproyekt Publ., (2207). 82 (in Russian).

14. Andreyevsky ?. ?. (1974) Heating. Minsk, Vysheishaya Sckola. 432 (in Russian).

15. Bogoslovski V. N. (1982) Civil Engineering Thermophysics. ?oscow, Vysshaya Shkola. 416 (in Russian)

16. Petrova I. (2015) Rate per Hour. How Much More Expensive Utility Bills Will be in 2015. Argumenty i Fakty [Arguments and Facts], 13 January (3), 28 (in Russian).

17. Pilipenko V. M., Osipov S. N. (2015) Method of Hot Water Supply of Residential Buildings. Patent for Invention of the Republic of Belarus No 19474 (in Russian).

18. Building Code 2.04.01–97. Civil Engineering Heating Equipment. Minsk: Ministry of Architecture and Construction, 1998. 33 (in Russian).

19. Research Institute for Building Physics (1990) Building Climatology. Handbook to the SNIP. Moscow, Stroyizdat. 89 (in Russian).

20. Building Code 4.02.01–03. Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning. Minsk, Ministry of Architecture and Construction, 2004. 48 (in Russian).

21. Building Code 2.04.02–2000. Civil Engineering Climatology. Minsk, Ministry of Architecture and Construction, 2001. 37 (in Russian).

22. Building Code of the Republic of Belarus. Civil Engineering Climatology. Alteration N 1 of Building Code 2.04.02–2000. Minsk, Ministry of Architecture and Construction, 2007. 33 (in Russian).

23. Pavlovskaya O. A., Zui V. I. (2012) Application of Geographic Information Systems for Modeling the Specific Features of Temperature Distribution with the Borders of “Neutral” Layer of Minsk Oblast. Geographic Information System Based Technologies in Earth Sciences: Materials of the Competition of Geographic Information System Based Projects of Students of Higher Educational Establishment of the Republic of Belarus Hold in the Framework of the International Geographic Information System Day Celebration 2011. Minsk, BSU, 35–39 (in Russian).