energyЭнергетика. Известия высших учебных заведений и энергетических объединений СНГENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations1029-74482414-0341BNTUenergy-901Research ArticleТЕПЛОЭНЕРГЕТИКАНEAT POWER ENGINEERINGОЦЕНКА ЗНАЧИМОСТИ ВЛИЯНИЯ ТЕРМОДИНАМИЧЕСКИХ ФАКТОРОВ НА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ РАБОТЫ ТВЕРДООКСИДНЫХ ТОПЛИВНЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВEFFECT SIGNIFICANCE ASSESSMENT OF THE THERMODYNAMICAL FACTORS ON THE SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL OPERATIONСеднинВ. А.SedninV. A.

Адрес для переписки:  Седнин Владимир Александрович Белорусский национальный технический университет просп. Независимости, 65, 220013, г. Минск, Республика Беларусь Тел.: +375 17 293-92-16 pte@bntu.by

Address for correspondence: Sednin Vladimir А. Belаrusian National Technical University 65 Nezavisimosty Ave., 220013, Minsk, Republic of Belarus Tel.: +375 17 293-92-16 pte@bntu.by

pte@bntu.byЧичкоА. А.ChichkoA. A.pte@bntu.byБелорусский национальный технический университетБеларусьBelarusian National Technical UniversityBelarus201530122015068797Copyright © Седнин В.А., Чичко А.А., 20152015Седнин В.А., Чичко А.А.Sednin V.A., Chichko A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://energy.bntu.by/jour/article/view/901

Технологии прямого преобразования энергии топлива в электрическую энергию являются перспективным направлением в энергетике. В последние десятилетия в ряде стран созданы промышленные образцы электростанций на топливных элементах (ячейках), а сами топливные элементы стали коммерческим изделием на мировом энергетическом рынке. Высокий электрический КПД топливных ячеек позволяет говорить о дальнейшем их распространении в составе гибридных установок совместно с газои паротурбинными установками, что дает возможность достигать электрического КПД более 70 %. Тем не менее исследования в области повышения эффективности и надежности топливных элементов продолжаются. В частности, научный интерес представляет изучение влияния на эффективность работы твердооксидных топливных элементов термодинамических параметров реакции окисления, состава топлива и продуктов реакции окисления. В статье выполнен краткий анализ влияния вида топлива на эффективность работы твердооксидных топливных элементов. На основе имеющихся в открытой печати экспериментальных данных и данных численного моделирования представлены результаты статистического анализа влияния термодинамических параметров твердооксидного топливного элемента на эффективность его функционирования, а также факторов взаимодействия этих параметров и состава газов на входе в элемент и выходе из него. Приведены диаграммы, которые отражают степень влияния указанных параметров на эффективность работы твердооксидных топливных элементов, определены степени значимости вышеперечисленных факторов. Статистический анализ влияния термодинамических, расходных и концентрационных параметров процесса функционирования твердооксидных топливных элементов показал, что наиболее существенное влияние на эффективность работы элемента в исследованной области оказывают факторы взаимодействия (температура – расход и давление – расход) и концентрации азота N2 и кислорода O2. Именно эти параметры должны в первую очередь учитываться в математических моделях, разрабатываемых для оптимизации режимов работы твердооксидных топливных элементов. 

Technologies of direct conversion of the fuel energy into electrical power are an upcoming trend in power economy. Over the last decades a number of countries have created industrial prototypes of power plants on fuel elements (cells), while fuel cells themselves became a commercial product on the world energy market. High electrical efficiency of the fuel cells allows predictting their further spread as part of hybrid installations jointly with gas and steam turbines which specifically enables achieving the electrical efficiency greater than 70 %. Nevertheless, investigations in the area of increasing efficiency and reliability of the fuel cells continue. Inter alia, research into the effects of oxidizing reaction thermodynamic parameters, fuel composition and oxidation reaction products on effectiveness of the solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) is of specific scientific interest. The article presents a concise analysis of the fuel type effects on the SOFC efficiency. Based on the open publications experimental data and the data of numerical model studies, the authors adduce results of the statistical analysis of the SOFC thermodynamic parameters effect on the effectiveness of its functioning as well as of the reciprocative factors of these parameters and gas composition at the inlet and at the outlet of the cell. The presented diagrams reflect dimension of the indicated parameters on the SOFC operation effectiveness. The significance levels of the above listed factors are ascertained. Statistical analysis of the effects of the SOFC functionning process thermodynamical, consumption and concentration parameters demonstrates quintessential influence of the reciprocative factors (temperature – flow-rate and pressure – flow-rate) and the nitrogen N2 and oxygen O2 concentrations on the operation efficiency in the researched range of its functioning. These are the parameters to be considered on a first-priority basis while developing mathematical models for optimizing the solid oxide fuel cells operating modes. 

твердооксидный топливный элементтермодинамические параметрыконцентрациястатистический анализsolid oxide fuel cellthermodynamic parametersconcentrationstatistical analysisReferencesAkkaya, A. V. An Analysis of SOFC/GT CHP System Based on Exergetic Performance Criteria / A. V. Akkaya, B. Sahin, H. H. Erdem // International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. -2008. Vol 33, №10. P. 2566–2577.Akkaya, A. V., Sahin, B., & Erdem, H. H. (2008). An Analysis of SOFC/GT CHP System Based on Exergetic Performance Criteria. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 33 (10), 2566–2577. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.03.013.A Review of Integration Strategies for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells / X. Zhang [et al.] // Journal of Power Sources. 2010. – Vol. 195, №3. P. 685–702.Zhang, X., Chan, S. H, Li, G., Ho, H. K., Li, J., & Feng, Z. (2010). A Review of Integration Strategies for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells. Journal of Power Sources, 195 (3), 685–702. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.07.045.Zabihian, F. A Review on Modeling of Hybrid Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Systems / F. Zabihian, A. Fung // International Journal of Engineering. 2009. – Vol. 3, №2. P. 85–119.Zabihian, F. A., & Fung, A. (2009). Review on Modeling of Hybrid Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Systems. International Journal of Engineering, 3 (2), 85–119.Huang, B. Solid Oxide Fuel Cell: Perspective of Dynamic Modeling and Control / B. Huang, Y. Qi, M. Murshed // Journal of Process Control. 2011. Vol. 21, №10. P. 1426–1437.Huang, B., Qi, Y., & Murshed, M. (2011). Solid Oxide Fuel Cell: Perspective of Dynamic Modeling and Control. Journal of Process Control, 21 (10), 1426–1437. DOI: 10.1016/j.jprocont.2011.06.017.Cheddie, D. F. Integration of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Into a 10 MW Gas Turbine power Plant / D. F. Cheddie // Energies. 2010. Vol. 3, №4. P. 754–769.Cheddie, D. F. (2010). Integration of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Into a 10 MW Gas Turbine power Plant. Energies, 3 (4), 754–769. DOI: 10.3390/en3040754.Thermal-Economic-Environmental Analysis and Multi-Objective Optimization of an Internal-Reforming Solid Oxide Fuel Cell-Gas Turbine Hybrid System / A. Shirazi [at el.] // International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2012. – Vol. 37, №24. P. 19111–19124.Shirazi, A., Najafi, B., Aminyavari, M., Rinaldi, F., & Taylor, R. A. (2012). Thermal-Economic-Environmental Analysis and Multi-Objective Optimization of an Internal-Reforming Solid Oxide Fuel Cell-Gas Turbine Hybrid System. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 37 (24), 19111–19124. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.09.143.Mahalingam, A. Clean Electricity Production by Solid Oxide Fuel Cell-Waste Heat Recovery Boiler Arrangement in Conjunction with a Gas Turbine / A. Mahalingam, M. Vaish, S. Agarwal // Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Environmental Science and Development, International Proceedings of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering (IPCBEE). – Singapore: IACSIT Press, 2011. – Vol. 4. P. 255–258.Mahalingam, A., Vaish, M., & Agarwal, S. (2011). Clean Electricity Production by Solid Oxide Fuel Cell-Waste Heat Recovery Boiler Arrangement in Conjunction with a Gas Turbine. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Environmental Science and Development, International Proceedings of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering (IPCBEE). Singapore, IACSIT Press, Vol. 4, 255–258.Arsalis, A. Thermoeconomic Modeling and Parametric Study of Hybrid Solid Oxide Fuel Cell-Gas Turbine-Steam Turbine Power Plants Ranging From 1.5 MWe to 10 MWe / A. Arsalis // Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology. 2009. – Vol. 6, №1. P. 0110151–01101512.Arsalis, A., Von Spakovsky, M. R., & Calise, F. (2009). Thermoeconomic Modeling and Parametric Study of Hybrid Solid Oxide Fuel Cell-Gas Turbine-Steam Turbine Power Plants Ranging From 1.5 MWe to 10 MWe. Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology, 6 (1), 0110151–01101512. DOI: 10.1115/1.2971127.Patel, H. C. Thermodynamic Analysis of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Gas Turbine Systems Operating with Various Biofuels / H. C. Patel, T. Woudstra1, P. V. Aravind // Fuel Cells. 2012. – Vol. 12, №6. P. 1115–1128.Patel, H. C., Woudstra1, T., & Aravind, P. V. (2012). Thermodynamic Analysis of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Gas Turbine Systems Operating with Various Biofuels. Fuel Cells, 12 (6), 1115–1128. DOI: 10.1002/fuce.201200062.Exergy Analysis of an Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell-Gas Turbine Hybrid System Fed with Ethanol / A. Stamatis [et al.] // Energies. 2012. Vol. 5, №11. – P. 4268–4287.Stamatis, A., Vinni, C., Bakalis, D., Tzorbatzoglou, F., & Tsiakaras, P. (2012). Exergy Analysis of an Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell-Gas Turbine Hybrid System Fed with Ethanol. Energies, 5 (11), 4268–4287. DOI: 10.3390/en5114268.Ugartemendia, J. Operating Point Optimization of a Hydrogen Fueled Hybrid Solid Oxide Fuel Cell-Steam Turbine (SOFC-ST) Plant / J. Ugartemendia, J. X. Ostolaza, I. Zubia // Energies. – 2013. – Vol. 6, №10. – P. 5046-5068.Ugartemendia, J., Ostolaza, J. X., & Zubia, I. (2013). Operating Point Optimization of a Hydrogen Fueled Hybrid Solid Oxide Fuel Cell-Steam Turbine (SOFC-ST) Plant. Energies, 6 (10), 5046-5068. DOI: 10.3390/en6105046.Chan, S. H. Energy and Exergy Analysis of Simple Solid-Oxide Fuel-Cell Power Systems / S. H. Chan, C. F. Low, O. L. Ding // Journal of Power Sources. 2002. – Vol.103, №2. P. 188–200.Chan, S. H., Low, C. F., & Ding, O. L. (2002). Energy and Exergy Analysis of Simple Solid-Oxide Fuel-Cell Power Systems. Journal of Power Sources, 103 (2), 188–200. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-7753(01)00842-4.Characteristics and Performance of Electrolyte-Supported Solid Oxidefuel Cells Under Ethanol and Hydrogen / R. Muccillo [et al.] // Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 2008. – Vol. 155, № 3. P. B232–B235.Muccillo, R., Muccillo, E. N. S., Fonseca, F., & De Florio, D. Z. Characteristics and Performance of Electrolyte-Supported Solid Oxidefuel Cells Under Ethanol and Hydrogen. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 155 (3), B232–B235. DOI: 10.1149/1.2828024.Li, Y. Performance Study of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell and Gas Turbine Hybrid System Designed for Methane Operating with Non-Designed Fuels / Y. Li, Y. Weng // Journal of Power Sources. 2011. – Vol.196, № 8. P. 3824–3835.Li, Y., & Weng, Y. (2011). Performance Study of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell and Gas Turbine Hybrid System Designed for Methane Operating with Non-Designed Fuels. Journal of Power Sources, 196 (8), 3824–3835. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.01.011.Blagojević, V. A. Hydrogen Economy: Modern Concepts, Challenges and Perspectives / Blagojević, V. A., Minić, Dejan G., Grbović Novaković, Jasmina, and Minic, Dragica M. // Hydrogen Energy Challenges and Perspectives. Rijeka, Croatia: InTech, 2012. Chapter: 1. P. 3–28.Blagojevic, V. A., Minic, D. G., Grbovic Novakovic, J., & Minic, D. M. (2012).. Hydrogen Economy: Modern Concepts, Challenges and Perspectives. Hydrogen Energy Challenges and Perspectives, Chapter: 1. InTech: Rijeka, Croatia, 3–28. DOI: 10.5772/46098.Holmes, M. Hydrogen Separation Membranes. Technical Report [Electronic resource] // University of North Dakota. 2010. – Mode of access: http://www.undeerc.org/ncht/. Date of access: 26. 09. 2013.Holmes, M. (2010). Hydrogen Separation Membranes. Technical Report. University of North Dakota. Available at: http://www.undeerc.org/ncht/ (accessed on 26 September 2013).Cеднин, В. А. Энергетическая система биогазовых комплексов на базе топливных элементов / В. А. Седнин, А. А. Чичко, А. А. Матявин // Энергия и Менеджмент. 2014. № 4–5. С. 8–12.Sednin, V. A., Chichko, A. A., & Matyavin, A. A. (2014). Energy System of the Biogas Complexes Based on the Fuel Elements. Energiia i Menedzhment [Energy and Management], 4–5, 8–12 (in Russian).Jradi, M. Tri-generation systems: Energy policies, Prime movers, Cooling technologies, Configuration sand operations strategies / M. Jradi, S. Riffat // Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2014. – Vol. 32. P. 396–415.Jradi, M., & Riffat, S. (2014). Tri-generation systems: Energy policies, Prime movers, Cooling Technologies, Configuration sand operation strategies. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 32, 396–415. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2014.01.039.Macro Level Modeling of a Tubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cell / T. Suther [at el.] // Sustainability. 2010. – Vol. 2, №11. P. 3549-3560.Suther, T., Fung, A., Koksal, M., & Zabihian, F.(2010). Macro Level Modeling of a Tubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cell. Sustainability, 2 (11), 3549:60. DOI: 10.3390/su2113549.Effects of Operating and Design Parameters on the Performance of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell-Gas Turbine System / T. Suther [at el.] // International Journal of Energy Research. 2010. No 35 (7). P. 616–32.Suther, T., Fung, A., Koksal, M., & Zabihian, F (2010). Effects of Operating and Design Parameters on the Performance of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell-Gas Turbine System. International Journal of Energy Research, 35 (7), 616–32. DOI: 10.1002/er.1722.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.