energyЭнергетика. Известия высших учебных заведений и энергетических объединений СНГENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations1029-74482414-0341BNTU10.21122/1029-7448-2026-69-4-303-326energy-2577Research ArticleТЕПЛОЭНЕРГЕТИКАНEAT POWER ENGINEERINGОпыт применения теплонасосных установок большой мощности в системах централизованного теплоснабженияExperience of Application of High-Capacity Heat Pump Units in District Heating SystemsСеднинА. В.SedninA. V.

Адрес для переписки:Седнин Алексей ВладимировичБелорусский национальный технический университетпросп. Независимости, 65,220113, г. Минск, Республика БеларусьТел.: +375 17 397-36-20Sednin@bntu.by

Address for correspondence:Sednin Alexei V.Belarusian National Technical University65, Nezavistimosti Ave.,220113, Minsk, Republic of BelarusTel.: +375 17 397-36-20Sednin@bntu.by

Sednin@bntu.byНекалоИ. А.NekaloI. A.

г. Минск

Minsk, Republic of Belarus

Белорусский национальный технический университетБеларусьBelarusian National Technical UniversityBelarus202612082026694303326Copyright © Седнин А.В., Некало И.А., 20262026Седнин А.В., Некало И.А.Sednin A.V., Nekalo I.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://energy.bntu.by/jour/article/view/2577

Государственная программа Республики Беларусь «Устойчивая энергетика и энергоэффективность» на 2026–2030 гг. предусматривает максимально возможное использование тепловых насосов в централизованных и децентрализованных системах теплоснабжения. Основными факторами, способствующими использованию теплонасосных установок (ТНУ) совместно с технологиями аккумулирования тепловой энергии, являются: возможность применения низкотемпературных источников теплоты, повышение маневренности энергосистемы в условиях высокой доли генерации электроэнергии от возобновляемых энергоисточников и атомных электростанций, снижение выбросов вредных веществ. В статье обсуждаются обстоятельства и технические решения по интеграции в системы теплоснабжения ТНУ большой мощности. К настоящему времени доля последних в структуре генерирующих мощностей энергоисточников систем централизованного теплоснабжения (СЦТ) в мировой практике остается незначительной, однако в целом ряде стран в рамках программ декарбонизации энергетики рассматривается их широкое применение в ближайшей перспективе. Авторами обсуждаются технические аспекты интеграции ТНУ в действующие СЦТ с применением различных источников низкопотенциальной теплоты,рассмотрено применение различных типов рабочих тел, проанализированы финансовые затраты на реализацию проектов. Показано, что широкое внедрение ТНУ ограничивается высокими капитальными затратами, неопределенностью формирования тарифов на электроэнергию и неопределенностью информации об эффективности работы оборудования на переменных нагрузках. В этих условиях проекты внедрения ТНУ в СЦТ не могут рассматриваться как типовые решения, они требуют применения индивидуальных проектных решений для каждого конкретного случая. Результаты анализа технических решений реализованных к настоящему времени проектов показывают техническую возможность и экономическую целесообразность использования ТНУ большой мощности в СЦТ на территории Республики Беларусь при наличии экономически приемлемого источника низкопотенциальной теплоты.

The State Program of the Republic of Belarus “Sustainable Energy and Energy Efficiency” for 2026–2030 envisages the maximum possible use of heat pumps in centralized and decentralized heat supply systems. The main factors facilitating the use of Heat Pump Units (HPUs) in conjunction with thermal energy storage technologies are the possibility of utilizing the lowtemperature heat sources, increasing the maneuverability of the power system in conditions of a high proportion of electricity generation from renewable energy sources and nuclear power plants, and reducing emissions of harmful substances. The article discusses the circumstances and technical solutions for integrating high-capacity HPUs into heat supply systems. To date, the share of highcapacity HPUs in the generating capacity structure of District Heating Systems (DHS) remains insignificant in global practice; however, in a number of countries their widespread application in the near future is considered as part of energy decarbonization programs. The authors discuss the technical aspects of integrating HPUs into existing DHS using various sources of low-potential heat, examine the application of different types of working fluids, and analyze the financial costs of project implementation. It is shown that the widespread deployment of HPUs is constrained by high capital costs, the uncertainty of the formation of electricity tariffs and the uncertainty of information about the efficiency of equipment at variable loads. Under these conditions, projects of HPUs implementation in the DHS cannot be regarded as model solutions, they require the use of individual design solutions for each specific case. The results of the analysis of technical solutions of projects implemented to date for the use of high-capacity HPUs in the DHS demonstrate the technical feasibility and economic expediency of using high-capacity HPUs in the territory of the Republic of Belarus in the presence of an economically acceptable source of low-potential heat.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.