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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">energy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Энергетика. Известия высших учебных заведений и энергетических объединений СНГ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>ENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1029-7448</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2414-0341</issn><publisher><publisher-name>BNTU</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21122/1029-7448-2025-68-5-442-456</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">energy-2508</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕПЛОЭНЕРГЕТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>НEAT POWER ENGINEERING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Биогаз и свалочный газ как источники возобновляемой энергии в Республике Беларусь</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Biogas and Landfill Gas as Sources of Renewable Energy in the Republic of Belarus</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зеленухо</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zelianukha</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>г. Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Minsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цыганова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsyhanava</surname><given-names>H. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Адрес для переписки:Цыганова Анна Александровна – Белорусский национальный технический университет,просп. Независимости, 65,220013, г. Минск, Республика Беларусь Тел.: +375 17 293-91-29cyganovaaa@bntu.by</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Address for correspondence:Tsyhanava Hanna A. – Belarusian National Technical University,65 Nezavisimosty Ave.,220013, Minsk, Republic of BelarusTel.: +375 17 293-91-29cyganovaaa@bntu.by</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cyganovaaa@bntu.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бельская</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belskaya</surname><given-names>H. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>г. Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Minsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Белорусский национальный технический университет</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belarussian National Technical University</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>68</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>442</fpage><lpage>456</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зеленухо Е.В., Цыганова А.А., Бельская Г.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зеленухо Е.В., Цыганова А.А., Бельская Г.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zelianukha A.V., Tsyhanava H.A., Belskaya H.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://energy.bntu.by/jour/article/view/2508">https://energy.bntu.by/jour/article/view/2508</self-uri><abstract><p>Энергетическая политика Республики Беларусь направлена на снижение потребления углеводородного сырья и укрепление национальной энергетической безопасности. Стратегической задачей отмечено максимальное вовлечение в топливно-энергетический баланс, помимо атомной энергии, собственных топливно-энергетических ресурсов, включая возобновляемые источники энергии (ВИЭ). Развитие ВИЭ способствует декарбонизации хозяйственной деятельности. Ресурсный потенциал получения биогаза в Республике Беларусь с учетом динамики образования органического сырья составляет 3,265 млн т у. т. в год, что намного выше аналогичных показателей для других местных видов топлива. В стране биогаз получают влажной и сухой ферментацией. Влажную ферментацию используют для получения биогаза из органических отходов животноводства (вторичной биомассы), которые содержат высокую влажную фракцию – до 90 %. Используемым оборудованием являются биореакторы и когенерационные установки. Сухую ферментацию применяют для получения свалочного газа из твердых органических отходов жилищно-коммунального хозяйства с использованием газопоршневых агрегатов (установок по дегазации органических отходов). В настоящее время выработка биогаза влажным и сухим (полувлажным) сбраживанием составляет приблизительно по 50 %. Современные технологии косбраживания позволяют моделировать состав используемых органических отходов посредством приготовления ко-субстратов, причем чрезвычайно разнообразных, без принципиальных ограничений. Этот инновационный прием регулирует скорость микробиологического процесса, обеспечивает равномерную загрузку биогазового оборудования в течение календарного года, повышает экономическую эффективность работы биогазовых установок без высоких инвестиционных затрат. Такой подход в применении биогазовых технологий дает новый качественный толчок к их развитию, одновременно уменьшая объемы складирования органических отходов и снижая национальный углеродный след. Использование ко-субстратов обеспечивает технологические, экономические и экологические преимущества, поскольку выход метана в этих условиях достаточно стабильный и гарантированный. В настоящее время сложились специфические условия для функционирования «зеленой» энергетики. Целесообразно с учетом новых экономических условий частично переориентировать хозяйственную деятельность крупных биогазовых заводов на производство тепловой энергии, получение органического удобрения и других ценных продуктов с добавленной стоимостью.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The energy policy of the Republic of Belarus is aimed in reducing the consumption of hydrocarbon raw materials and strengthening the national energy security. The strategic aim is to maximally involve in the fuel and energy balance, in addition to nuclear energy, our own fuel and energy resources, including renewable energy sources (RES). The development of RES contributes to the decarbonization of economic activity. The resource potential for biogas production in the Republic of Belarus, taking into account the dynamics of organic raw material formation, is about 3.265 million tons of equivalent fuel per year, which is much higher than similar indicators for other local types of fuel. In the country, biogas is produced by wet and dry fermentation. Wet fermentation is used to produce biogas from organic livestock waste (secondary biomass), which contains a high moisture fraction – up to 90 %. The equipment used is bioreactors and cogeneration units. Dry fermentation is used to produce landfill gas from solid organic waste of housing and communal services, using gas piston units (organic waste degassing units). Currently, the production of biogas by wet and dry (semi-wet) fermentation is approximately 50% each. Modern co-fermentation technologies allow to model the composition of the organic waste used for preparing co-substrates. Moreover, the composition of the substrates used can be extremely diverse, without fundamental limitations. This innovative technique regulates the stability of the microbiological process, ensures uniform loading of biogas equipment during the calendar year, increases the economic efficiency of biogas plants, without high investment costs. This approach to the application of biogas technologies gives a new qualitative impetus to their development, while simultaneously reducing the volume of organic waste storage and reducing the national carbon footprint. The use of co-substrates provides technological, economic and environmental advantages, since the methane output under these conditions is quite stable and guaranteed. Currently, specific conditions have developed for the functioning of “green” energy. Taking into account the new economic conditions, it is advisable to partially reorient the economic activities of large biogas plants to the production of heat energy, the production of organic fertilizers and other valuable products with added value.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биогаз</kwd><kwd>свалочный газ</kwd><kwd>возобновляемые источники энергии</kwd><kwd>влажная и сухая ферментация</kwd><kwd>управление органическими отходами</kwd><kwd>декарбонизация производственной деятельности</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>biogas</kwd><kwd>landfill gas</kwd><kwd>sources of renewable energy</kwd><kwd>wet and dry fermentation</kwd><kwd>organic&#13;
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