<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">energy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Энергетика. Известия высших учебных заведений и энергетических объединений СНГ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>ENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1029-7448</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2414-0341</issn><publisher><publisher-name>BNTU</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21122/1029-7448-2021-64-5-408-420</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">energy-2099</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭЛЕКТРОЭНЕРГЕТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ELECTRICAL POWER ENGINEERING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Повышение надежности вторичного источника питания постоянного тока резервированием сигналов обратной связи</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Improving the Reliability of DC-DC Power Supply by Reserving Feedback Signals</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шпенст</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shpenst</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Адрес для переписки: Шпенст Вадим Анатольевич – Санкт-Петербургский горный университет, Васильевский остров, 21 линия, 2, 199106, г. Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация. Тел.: +7 812 328-84-69 shpenst@spmi.ru </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Address for correspondence: Shpenst Vadim A.  – Saint-Petersburg Mining University, 2, 21st Line, Vasilievsky Ostrov, 199106, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation. Tel.: +7 812 328-84-69 shpenst@spmi.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shpenst@spmi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орел</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orel</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>г. Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский горный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg Mining University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>64</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>408</fpage><lpage>420</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шпенст В.А., Орел Е.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шпенст В.А., Орел Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shpenst V.A., Orel E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://energy.bntu.by/jour/article/view/2099">https://energy.bntu.by/jour/article/view/2099</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматривается проблема повышения надежности импульсных источников вторичного электропитания постоянного тока. Актуальность работы связана со значимостью электропитания в современной электронной технике, поскольку от исправности источников напрямую зависит качество работы электроприборов-потребителей, в том числе критически важных. Объектом исследования являются цепи обратной связи, осуществляющие стабилизацию параметров электропитания потребителей. Выход из строя указанных цепей чаще всего происходит из-за деградации электронных компонентов схемы в жестких условиях эксплуатации и при сильных механических перегрузках и опасен бесконтрольным увеличением выходного напряжения и тока источника. Чтобы этого избежать, авторами предложен способ резервирования сигналов обратной связи по напряжению, реализованный на базе источника, выполненного по обратноходовой топологии. Сигналы обратной связи формируются с оптрона, расположенного на стороне нагрузки, и с дополнительной обмотки силового трансформатора, вместе образуя два независимых контура регулирования выходного напряжения. В каждый момент времени стабилизацию осуществляет только один контур. При выходе из строя первого контура второй способен заменить его работу. Представленный способ не требует цифровой обработки сигналов и микропроцессорного управления и может быть реализован на базе доступных аналоговых микросхем, осуществляющих широтно-импульсное регулирование выходного напряжения источника. В результате решается проблема аварийного отказа цепей обратной связи, повышается надежность работы электрооборудования. Правильность предлагаемого подхода подтверждена результатами имитационного компьютерного моделирования в программе MatLab-Simulink. Полученные результаты могут использоваться при проектировании отказоустойчивых вторичных источников электропитания для работы в жестких условиях эксплуатации.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper deals with the problem of improving the reliability of DC-DC power supplies with pulse-width modulation. The topicality of the work is related to the importance of power supply issues in modern electronics, since the quality of operation of consumer electrical appliances, including critical ones, directly depends on the serviceability of sources. The object of the study is feedback circuits aimed at stabilization of the parameters of power supply of consumers. Failures of the mentioned feedback circuits most often occurs due to the electronic components degradation under harsh operating conditions as well as under severe mechanical overloads. Such failures are dangerous for uncontrolled increase of power supply output voltage and output current. To avoid this, a new method of reserving voltage feedback signals is presented in the paper which is implemented on the basis of flyback supply topology. Feedback signals are formed from the optocoupler located on the load side and from the auxiliary winding of the power transformer, together forming two independent output voltage control circuits. Only one circuit performs stabilization at any given moment of time. If one of these circuits fails, the second one can simply replace it in its operation. The proposed method does not require any digital signal processing algorithms or microprocessor control modules and can be implemented on the basis of cheap, widely available analog chips that perform pulse-width control of the output voltage. As a result, the problem of sudden feedback loop failure is solved and the reliability of electrical equipment is increased. The validity of the proposed method is confirmed by the results of computer simulation with the use of MatLab-Simulink environment. The obtained results can be used in design of fault-tolerant secondary power supplies that operate in harsh operating conditions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>источник вторичного электропитания</kwd><kwd>обратноходовой преобразователь</kwd><kwd>надежность</kwd><kwd>резервирование</kwd><kwd>обратная связь</kwd><kwd>автоматическое регулирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>secondary DC-DC power supply</kwd><kwd>flyback converter</kwd><kwd>reliability</kwd><kwd>reserving</kwd><kwd>feedback</kwd><kwd>automatic control</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абрамович, Б. Н. Система бесперебойного электроснабжения предприятий горной промышленности / Б. Н. Абрамович // Записки Горного института. 2018. Т. 229. С. 31–40. https://doi.org/10.25515/PMI.2018.1.31</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abramovich B. N. (2018) Uninterrupted Power Supply System for Mining Industry Enterprises. Zapiski Gornogo Instituta = Journal of Mining Institute, 229, 31–40 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.25515/PMI.2018.1.31</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Повышение энергоэффективности электротехнических комплексов когенерационных установок для электроснабжения объектов нефтегазовых предприятий / И. А. Богданов [и др.] // Международный научно-исследовательский журнал. 2017. Т. 66, № 12, Часть 5, С. 59–63.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bogdanov I. A., Veprikov A. A., Kasyanova A. N., Morenov V. A. (2017) Increase of Energy Efficiency of Electrotechnical Complexes of Cogeneration Plants for Power Supply of Objects of Oil and Gas Enterprises. Mezhdunarodnyi nauchno-issledovatel'skii zhurnal = International Research Journal,66 (12), 59–63 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.23670/IRJ.2017.66.144</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Источник питания для исследования импульсных электрохимических процессов / Ю. Г. Алексеев [и др.] // Энергетика. Изв. высш. учеб. заведений и энерг. объединений СНГ. 2018. Т. 61, № 3. С. 246–257. https://doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2019-61-3-246-257.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aliakseyeu Yu. G., Korolyov A. Yu., Niss V. S., Parshuto A. E., Soroka E. V., Budnitskiy A. S. (2018) Power Supply for the Investigation of Pulse Electrochemical Processes. Enеrgеtika. Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii i Energeticheskikh Ob’edinenii SNG = Energetika. Proceedings of CIS Higher Education Institutions and Power Engineering Associations, 61 (3), 246–257 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2019-61-3-246-257</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бажин, В. Ю. Диагностика технологического процесса мощных алюминиевых электролизеров с помощью прикладных программ / В. Ю. Бажин, П. А. Петров // Записки Горного института. 2011. Т. 192. С. 140–144.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bazhin V. Y., Petrov P. A. (2011). Diagnostics of Technological Process of Powerful Aluminium Pots by Means of Special Programs. Zapiski Gornogo Instituta = Journal of Mining Institute, 192, 140–144 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жежеленко, И. В. Основные направления повышения эффективности производства, передачи и распределения электрической энергии / И. В. Жежеленко // Энергетика. Изв. высш. учеб. заведений и энерг. объединений СНГ. 2018. Т. 61, № 1. С. 28–35. https://doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2018-61-1-28-35.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhezhelenko I. V. (2018) The Main Directions of Improving the Efficiency of Production, Transmission and Distribution of Electrical Energy. Enеrgеtika. Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii i Energeticheskikh Ob’edinenii SNG = Energetika. Proceedings of CIS Higher Education Institutions and Power Engineering Associations, 61 (1), 28–35 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2018-61-1-28-35</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hwu, K. I. Applying Module-Link Method to Multiple Power Supplies Paralleled / K. I. Hwu, J. Shieh // IEEE IECON 2017 – 43rd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Beijing. 2017. P. 901–903. https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2017.8216155</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hwu K. I., Shieh J. (2017) Applying Module-Link Method to Multiple Power Supplies Paralleled.  IEEE IECON 2017 – 43rd  Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Beijing, 901–903. https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2017.8216155</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stability Analysis of Identical Paralleled DC-DC Converters with Average Current Sharing / P. Cheng, G. Ding, C. Song, H. Chai, G. Xu // 2019 IEEE Asia Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APEEC), Chengdu. 2019. P. 60–64. https://doi.org/10.1109/apeec.2019.8720726</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cheng P., Ding G., Song C., Chai H., Xu G. (2019) Stability Analysis of Identical Paralleled DC-DC Converters with Average Current Sharing. 2019 IEEE Asia Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APEEC), Chengdu, 60–64. https://doi.org/10.1109/apeec.2019.8720726</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stability Constrained Efficiency Optimization for Droop Controlled DC-DC Conversion System / L. Meng, T. Dragicevic, J. Guerrero, J. Vasquez // IECON 2013 – 39th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Vienna. 2013. P. 7222–7227. https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2013.6700333</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meng L., Dragicevic T., Guerrero J., Vasquez J. (2013) Stability Constrained Efficiency Optimization for Droop Controlled DC-DC Conversion System. IECON 2013 – 39th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Vienna, 7222–7227. https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2013.6700333</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sun B. How to Parallel Two DC/DC Converters with Digital Controllers / B. Sun, I. Bower // Analog Design Journal. 2018. Iss. 3Q. P. 1–5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sun B., Bower I. (2018) How to Parallel Two DC/DC Converters with Digital Controllers. Analog Design Journal, (3Q), 1–5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">You, J. Loop-Sharing Method Based Current Sharing Controller Design for Parallel DC/DC Converters / J. You, M. Vilathgamuwa, N. Ghasemi // IET Power Electronics. 2018. Vol. 12, Iss. 11. P. 1937–1945. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-pel.2017.0146</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">You J., Vilathgamuwa M., Ghasemi N. (2018) Loop-Sharing Method Based Current Sharing Controller Design for Parallel DC/DC Converters. IET Power Electronics, 12 (11), 1937–1945. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-pel.2017.0146</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Datasheet. TPS2475x 12-A eFuse Circuit Protector with Current Monitor TPS24750, TPS24751 [Electronic Resource] / Texas Instruments Inc. 2018. Mode of access: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/tps24751.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Texas Instruments Inc. (2018) Datasheet. TPS2475x 12-A eFuse Circuit Protector with Current Monitor TPS24750, TPS24751. Available at: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/tps24751.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ridley, R. Results of a Power Supply Failure Survey [Electronic Resource] / R. Ridley // Power Systems Design. 2014. Mode of access: https://www.powersystemsdesign.com/articles/results-of-a-power-supply-failure-survey/34/6539</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ridley R. (2014) Results of a Power Supply Failure Survey. Power Systems Design. Available at: https://www.powersystemsdesign.com/articles/results-of-a-power-supply-failure-urvey/34/6539</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Panov, Y. Small-Signal Analysis and Control Design of Isolated Power Supplies With Optocoupler Feedback / Y. Panov, M. Jovanovic // IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. 2005. Vol. 20, Iss. 4. P. 823–832. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2005.850926</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Panov Y., Jovanovic M. (2005) Small-Signal Analysis and Control Design of Isolated Power Supplies with Optocoupler Feedback. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 20 (4), 823–832. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2005.850926</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">El-Hageen, H. Modeling the Performance Characteristics of Optocoupler under Irradiated Fields / H. El-Hageen // Multiscale and Multidisciplinary Modeling, Experiments and Design. 2019. Vol. 8, Iss. 3. P. 33–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41939-019-00058-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">El-Hageen H. (2019) Modeling the Performance Characteristics of Optocoupler under Irradiated Fields. Multiscale and Multidisciplinary Modeling, Experiments and Design, 8 (3), 33–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41939-019-00058-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oscillation Effect of Auxiliary Winding in Primary Side Regulated Flyback Converter / T. Zhang, M. Xu, Q. Qian, W. Sun, S. Lu // IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering. 2016. Vol. 11, Iss. 5. P. 640–647. https://doi.org/10.1002/tee.22282</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang T., Xu M., Qian Q., Sun W., Lu S. (2016) Oscillation Effect of Auxiliary Winding in Primary Side Regulated Flyback Converter. IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 11 (5), 640–647. https://doi.org/10.1002/tee.22282</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Савин, М. Расчет и конструирование планарного трансформатора для обратноходового преобразователя / М. Савин, С. Абрамов // Электроника: наука, технология, бизнес. 2019. № 8. С. 40–44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Savin M., Abramov S. (2019) Calculation and Design of a Planar Transformer for a Reverse-Flow Converter. Elektronika: nauka, tekhnologiya, biznes = Electronics: Science, Technology, Business, (8), 40–44 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
